![]() Projection is a necessary step in creating a two-dimensional map and is one of the essential elements of cartography.Īll projections of a sphere on a plane necessarily distort the surface in some way and to some extent. In a map projection, coordinates, often expressed as latitude and longitude, of locations from the surface of the globe are transformed to coordinates on a plane. In cartography, a map projection is any of a broad set of transformations employed to represent the curved two-dimensional surface of a globe on a plane. ![]() Systematic representation of the surface of a sphere or ellipsoid onto a plane A medieval depiction of the Ecumene (1482, Johannes Schnitzer, engraver), constructed after the coordinates in Ptolemy's Geography and using his second map projection
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